Heat pumps
Heat pumps
What is a heat pump? A heat pump converts the energy stored in air, water and soil into heating energy. In combination with a hot water tank, this type of heating also ensures the hot water supply. The energy stored in the three elements is permanently available to us.
How heat pump heating works With a heat pump, energy from the environment can be converted into heat for the house. For this purpose, the existing heat, which is contained in water, soil, outside air or exhaust air, is first fed to the refrigerant using a heat exchanger (evaporator). The refrigerant brings this energy to a higher temperature level with the help of the compressor so that it can be used for the heating system or hot water preparation via another heat exchanger (condenser). Depending on the energy source, up to five parts of environmental energy per part of electrical energy can be provided as heating energy become. The existing environmental energy from -20 ° C to 35 ° C (air) must be adjusted to a temperature level that can be used for heating (hot water). In this process, the hot water is “pumped” to the appropriate level at a low temperature.
Which operating modes are there? Monovalent Here is the heat pump of the sole heating generator in the building. This operating mode is suitable for all low-temperature heating systems up to a maximum flow temperature of 55 ° C. Mono-energy In this operating mode, the electric heat pump is supported by an additional electrical heater. This is especially necessary with air-water heat pumps in order to provide sufficient heating output at lower outside temperatures. During the longest running times in the temperature range down to approx. -7 ° C, the heat pump works as the sole heat generator. From an investment and efficiency point of view, it can make sense that the additional heating is used to support the heating in the few hours below it. Bivalent alternative The heat pump supplies the entire heating energy up to a specified outside temperature (e.g. 0 ° C). If the temperature drops below this value, the heat pump switches off and the second heat generator takes over the heating. Bivalent parallel Up to a certain outside temperature, the heat pump alone generates the necessary heat. The second heat generator switches on at lower temperatures. If the outside temperature falls below the second limit temperature, the heat pump switches off and the second heat generator takes over the entire heat supply. In contrast to bivalent alternative operation, the heat pump's share of annual output is significantly larger.
In new buildings, solar collector systems are funded with 30% of the eligible costs and biomass and heat pump systems with 35% of the eligible costs, provided that they meet the corresponding minimum technical requirements.In existing buildings, i.e. those in which at the time of application for more than 2 years a heating or cooling system that was to be replaced or supported was put into operation will be funded. Important to note: The application must be made before the start of the project. The start of a project is the conclusion of a delivery or service contract attributable to the execution. Planning services may be performed before the application is submitted. The date of receipt of the application by BAFA is decisive.